What is polycystic?
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age.
It is characterized by an imbalance of hormones, particularly higher than normal levels of androgens, which are male hormones that females also produce in smaller amounts.
The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but genetics & insulin resistance is thought to play a role.
Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body has difficulty using insulin effectively, leading to high blood sugar levels & high levels of insulin in the blood.
This can contribute to the overproduction of androgens by the ovaries. COS is diagnosed when a woman has at least two of the following symptoms.
Irregular periods: Women with PCOS may have fewer than 9 periods per year or may experience very heavy bleeding during periods.
Excess androgen production: This can cause symptoms like acne, excess hair growth on the face or body (hirsutism), & male pattern baldness.
Polycystic ovaries: This means that the ovaries contain many small cysts that can be seen on an ultrasound.
Other common symptoms of PCOS may include weight gain, difficulty losing weight, fatigue, mood swings, & sleep apnea.
PCOS can also lead to health complications like infertility, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, & an increased risk of heart disease.
Treatment for PCOS typically involves managing symptoms through lifestyle changes & medication.
Lifestyle changes may include weight loss, a healthy diet, and regular exercise. Medications may include birth control pills to regulate periods & lower androgen levels, or medications.
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